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پیشگیری از بروز آپنه در نوزادان نارس با تشک ارتعاشی

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پیشگیری از بروز آپنه در نوزادان نارس با تشک ارتعاشی

همانطور که می دانید ، به شیرخوارانی که پیش از سی و هفتمین ماه بارداری متولد می شوند ، نوزادان نارس می گویند. این نوزادان در ریسک ابتلا به یک یا تعداد بیشتری از مشکلات پزشکی هستند ؛ مثلا همه آن‎ها به درمان با اکسیژن ، سورفکتانت و کمک‎های مکانیکی برای کمک به تنفس نیاز دارند و یا برای مکیدن ، بلع و تنفس همزمان بیش از حد نارس‎اند. بنابراین تا زمانی که این مهارت‎ها را خودشان به‎دست بیاورند ، باید به‎ صورت تزریق داخل وریدی تغذیه شوند.
محققین دانشگاه هاروارد به تازگی نتایج مطالعه ی بالینی خود را در زمینه ی کاهش پنجاه درصدی بروز آپنه نوزادان منتشر کردند. آپنه به معنی قطع موقت تنفس به هر علت می‌باشد و به منظور مراقبت کامل و پیشگیری از مرگ ناگهانی نوزاد ، یکی از دلایل بستری شدن طولانی مدت نوزادان در بیمارستان می باشد.
تیم پژوهشی دانشگاه هاروارد ، نوعی تشک ارتعاشی را بر اساس مطالعات قبلی دکتر کلینز طراحی کرده اند. مطالعات دکتر کلینز نشان می دهد که ارتعاشات نامنظم یا به نوعی نویزِ وارد شده به بدن انسان ، حساسیت بدن نسبت به محرک را افزایش می دهد.
محققین به کمک این مطالعه ، موفق به طراحی یک تشک با کمترین لرزش به نوزاد نارس شدند. در مطالعه مقدماتی ، این تیم پژوهشی به تثبیت تنفس نوزادان و همچنین بهبود وضعیت اکسیژن خون بدون بیدار شدن از خواب پرداختند.
در مطالعه ی بالینی ، 36 نوزاد نارس با حداقل یکبار سابقه ی آپنه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. کاهش پنجاه درصدی بروز آپنه و تأثیر مثبت این تشک ارتعاشی بیش از مصرف کافئین برای نوزادان ، از نتایج قابل توجه این مطالعه بود.
این تکنولوژی به گونه ای طراحی شده است که برای نظارت بر ضربان قلب نوزاد ، الگوهای تنفس و دیگر سیگنال های فیزیولوژیکی ، مانیتوری وجود دارد و از الگوریتم های اختصاصی برای شناسایی الگوها برای پیش بینی اختلال و یا قطع تنفس استفاده شده است. این سیستم هنگامی که رویداد پیش بینی آپنه شناسایی شد ، ارتعاش ملایم را به منظور جلوگیری از آپنه به دقت تنظیم می نماید.
از اهداف علمی محققین ، طراحی و توسعه ارتعاشات تشک به گونه ای است که به مغز در حال رشد نوزاد آسیبی وارد نشود. در حال حاضر این محصول به بخش NICU ارائه خواهد شد و در آینده به عنوان یک محصول خانگی نیز به بازار عرضه خواهد شد.

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